Bioethics in America

  • ISBN 9780801864254
  • Author:
  • Publ Date: 2000-08-15
  • Edition:
  • Binding: Hardback

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The author challenges the view that the origins of the bioethics movement can be found in the 1960s. Instead she sees it as one more product of American ambivalence toward progress and finds its modern roots in the responsible science movement that emerged following the atomic bomb. Rather than challenging authority, Tina Stevens says, the bioethic movment was an aid to authority in that it allowed medical doctors and researchers to proceed on course while bioethicists managed public fears about medicine's new technologies. That is, the public was reassured by bioethical oversight of biomedicien; in reality, however, bioethicists belonged to the same mainstream that produced the doctors and researchers whom the bioethicists were guiding. After tracing the origins of the movement, Stevens turns to an analysis of the Hastings Center, the nations first bioethics institute, where the independence of early bioethicists was compromised by the need to placate funding institutions intolerant of a critical portrayal of biomedicine.
She then analyzes how bioethicists helped to establish the redefinition of death at a time when public fears were aroused that life support would routinely be prematurely discontinued in order to procure transplantable organs. In her final chapter, the author re-examines the Karen Quinlan case and its role in the rise of bioethics. Public fears that doctors were using medical technology to artificially prolong the life of Quinlan fuelled a demand for bioethical opinion. But bioethical commentary ultimately failed to make known that the case had not widened a patient's right to die, but merely freed physicians from the threat of criminal liability.
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